CR and ELISA, and also in vivo, usingis oneand ear edema reduction assays in mice.

CR and ELISA, and also in vivo, usingis oneand ear edema reduction assays in mice. the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme, which paw of these accountable for the production In addition, a However, it didn’t show this activity at mRNA and protein capable when of prostaglandins.molecular docking study revealed that myristicin would belevels to nontreated in human liver cancer cells [248].Molecules 2021, 26,five ofThe anti-inflammatory activity of myristicin can also happen by way of other pathways (Figure two). This molecule is also capable of inhibiting various cytokines and mediators responsible for the chemotaxis from the inflammatory approach, including: tumor necrosis element alpha (TNF-a), interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17), nitric oxide (NO), macrophage inflammatory PARP4 Source proteins (MIP-1 r MIP-1), colony stimulating aspect (GM-CSF), IP-10, MCP1 and MCP-3 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). This inhibition happens both in the protein level and in the mRNA regulation level. In vitro research have shown that the inhibition of these cytokines was capable to block the migration and growth of neutrophils and macrophages, when in vivo, it promoted a reduction in mice paw edema [16,24,294]. The analgesic action of myristicin has also been evaluated. Tests conducted with Pycnocycla bashagardiana essential oil containing myristicin did not result in analgesic activity in hot plate tests with mice, regardless of its superior anti-inflammatory action (reduction of paw edema). The important oil of Illicium lanceolatum, in addition to its anti-inflammatory activity in vivo (reduction of ear edema), also showed reduced writhing in mice immediately after discomfort induction by acetic acid, indicating a possible analgesic action. In this case, on the other hand, the author attributes the activity to the association in between myristicin as well as other components of your essential oil [29,33]. Although many results had been obtained by means of tests with critical oils containing other substances that will contribute for the anti-inflammatory action, myristicin was the key element in most of them. From these results, its anti-inflammatory activity in quite a few pathways in the inflammation approach is outstanding. 2.four. Antiproliferative Activity The antiproliferative activity of myristicin has been studied in current years. Literature data report that myristicin is accountable for the anticancer activity of some medicinal plants and is usually a cancer chemopreventive agent [358]. Athamanta sicula crude extract and isolated myristicin were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activity, at a concentration of 100 /mL, against K-562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia), NCI-H460 (human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells applying the methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The extracts and isolated myristicin showed significant antiproliferative activity within the tested cancer cell lines, with inhibition of 50 to one hundred of cells at different concentrations. Other assays were utilised to investigate the mechanisms of growth inhibition, and it was TIP60 Purity & Documentation concluded that myristicin induced cell apoptosis via changes in mitochondrial membrane possible, cytochrome C release, caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and fragmentation of DNA. Gene expression profiling revealed a basic down-regulation of DNA damage response genes just after exposure to myristicin [35,38]. Exposure of the KB cell line (human oral epidermal carcinoma) using a variable concentration of Myristica fragrans extract (nutmeg) resulted in a concentration