Of the national food supply, notably total energy and zinc availability

Of the national food supply, notably total energy and zinc availability, the percentage of dietary zinc available from animal source foods and the P:Zn molar ratio. The estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake was negatively associated with the percent of dietary zinc obtained from animal source foods, which are relatively rich sources of zinc and do not contain inhibitors of zinc absorption. In contrast, the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake was strongly positively associated with the P:Zn molar ratio, which affects zinc bioavailability. The estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake are based on the current “best-estimate” model, comprised of zinc and phytate data from the composite nutrient database, IZiNCG physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, the Miller Equation to estimate the fractional absorption of zinc, and an assumed 25 CV in inter-individual intake. This model owes it strength to the thoroughness of the review of food composition databases, regional food processing techniques, and zinc requirements and absorption. However, as discussed in the accompanying methodological article (Wessells et al.), there is substantial variation in prevalence estimates when the model assumptions are modified. Thus, caution is advised in the interpretation of the absolute numeric prevalence estimates and the application of these results. Instead, country-specific rank order of the likely risk of inadequate intake, which is fairly consistent regardless of the model assumptions, should be used to draw MedChemExpress PS 1145 inter-country inferences regarding relative likelihood of zinc deficiency as a public health problem. The data can be used to determine the need for more targeted assessments of population zinc status. Plasma zinc concentration and dietary zinc intake, which are the recommended biochemical and dietary indicators, respectively, of zinc status in populations should be measured as part of nationally representative nutritional status surveys. Based on zinc availability in their national food supplies, countries in South and Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Central America which were identified as being at highest risk of inadequate zinc intake should be prioritized for biochemical and dietary assessments of population zinc status. Due to the national level data informing the estimates of the prevalence of inadequate zinc intake, we were 15857111 required to assumePrevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake and Stuntingthat the ratio of zinc intake to zinc requirement is uniform across the population and we were not able to account for age-related differences in the distribution of food to individuals. Because the types of food consumed and the adequacy of food intakes by young children may differ substantially from those of 24786787 adults in the same population, food balance sheet data may be more reflective of adult dietary intakes than intakes by children. Studies of preventive zinc supplementation have found that increasing zinc intake in Hypericin at-risk populations increases children’s weight gain and linear growth, thereby reducing the prevalence of stunting [2]. Thus, a portion of stunting is attributable to inadequate zinc intake, and the prevalence of stunting among young children can be used as an indirect indicator of population zinc status [9]. In low- and middle-income countries, the mean prevalence of stunting in children less than 5 years of age from 2003?007 was 30.3 [20]. In the present analyses, we found that the prevalence of.Of the national food supply, notably total energy and zinc availability, the percentage of dietary zinc available from animal source foods and the P:Zn molar ratio. The estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake was negatively associated with the percent of dietary zinc obtained from animal source foods, which are relatively rich sources of zinc and do not contain inhibitors of zinc absorption. In contrast, the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake was strongly positively associated with the P:Zn molar ratio, which affects zinc bioavailability. The estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake are based on the current “best-estimate” model, comprised of zinc and phytate data from the composite nutrient database, IZiNCG physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, the Miller Equation to estimate the fractional absorption of zinc, and an assumed 25 CV in inter-individual intake. This model owes it strength to the thoroughness of the review of food composition databases, regional food processing techniques, and zinc requirements and absorption. However, as discussed in the accompanying methodological article (Wessells et al.), there is substantial variation in prevalence estimates when the model assumptions are modified. Thus, caution is advised in the interpretation of the absolute numeric prevalence estimates and the application of these results. Instead, country-specific rank order of the likely risk of inadequate intake, which is fairly consistent regardless of the model assumptions, should be used to draw inter-country inferences regarding relative likelihood of zinc deficiency as a public health problem. The data can be used to determine the need for more targeted assessments of population zinc status. Plasma zinc concentration and dietary zinc intake, which are the recommended biochemical and dietary indicators, respectively, of zinc status in populations should be measured as part of nationally representative nutritional status surveys. Based on zinc availability in their national food supplies, countries in South and Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Central America which were identified as being at highest risk of inadequate zinc intake should be prioritized for biochemical and dietary assessments of population zinc status. Due to the national level data informing the estimates of the prevalence of inadequate zinc intake, we were 15857111 required to assumePrevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake and Stuntingthat the ratio of zinc intake to zinc requirement is uniform across the population and we were not able to account for age-related differences in the distribution of food to individuals. Because the types of food consumed and the adequacy of food intakes by young children may differ substantially from those of 24786787 adults in the same population, food balance sheet data may be more reflective of adult dietary intakes than intakes by children. Studies of preventive zinc supplementation have found that increasing zinc intake in at-risk populations increases children’s weight gain and linear growth, thereby reducing the prevalence of stunting [2]. Thus, a portion of stunting is attributable to inadequate zinc intake, and the prevalence of stunting among young children can be used as an indirect indicator of population zinc status [9]. In low- and middle-income countries, the mean prevalence of stunting in children less than 5 years of age from 2003?007 was 30.3 [20]. In the present analyses, we found that the prevalence of.