RticipantsSubjects who visited the Health Promotion Center of Korea University Guro

RticipantsSubjects who visited the Health Promotion Center of Korea University Guro Hospital for a routine health check-up were enrolled between October 2009 and March 2011 using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were apparently healthy volunteers with age between 20 and 80 years. We exclude the participants had a history of CVD (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, or cardiovascular revascularization), type 2 diabetes, stage 2 hypertension (resting blood pressure, 160/ 100 mmHg), malignancy, or severe renal or hepatic disease. This study MedChemExpress 4EGI-1 excluded subjects with a history of chronic inflammatory conditions that may affect the study results, and subjects that had taken Homotaurine price medications that might affect inflammatory status within the last 6 months were also excluded. Participants were free of any lipid-lowering therapies for at least a 6-month period prior to enrollment. Finally, one hundred twenty-seven apparently healthyStatistical AnalysisEach variable was assessed for a normal distribution. Data are expressed as mean 6 SD or median (inter-quartile range [25 ?75 ]). Differences between groups were tested using an independent two-sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and the Chi-square test was used to test for differences in the distribution of categorical variables. Spearman’s correlation test was performed to determine the relationships of serum progranulin and CTRP3 levels with study variables. P-values forProgranulin and CTRP3 in Metabolic SyndromeTable 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects.Control group (n = 83) Sex (M:F) Age (years) Body mass index (kg/m ) Waist circumference (cm) Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) AST (IU/L) ALT (IU/L) Total cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglycerides* (mmol/L) LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Glucose (mmol/L) HOMA-IR* eGFR* (mL/min/1.73 m2) IL-6* (pg/mL) hsCRP* (mg/dL) Adiponectin (mg/mL) CTRP3*(ng/mL) Progranulin*(ng/mL) Carotid IMT (mm)Metabolic syndrome (n = 44) 32:12 52.6610.4 27.463.0 91.966.5 132.5611.7 88.8610.4 19.069.5 24.1616.6 4.360.9 0.960.2 1.8(1.3, 2.4) 2.561.0 5.161.1 2.0(1.7, 3.2) 98.3(84.7, 127. 7) 0.13(0.09, 0.16) 0.87(0.42, 2.63) 7.9362.83 310.0(269.7, 369.9) 195.6(179.3, 215.5) 0.7760.P61:22 52.568.0 24.062.7 82.3610.8 121.8612.2 80.069.2 14.967.2 19.169.3 4.060.9 1.160.3 1.0(0.7,1.4) 2.460.7 4.461.0 1.5(83.8, 159.1) 107.7(83.8, 159.1) 0.11(0.07, 0.13) 0.43(0.24, 0.97) 9.6164.13 332.9(287.1, 402.9) 185.1(160.3, 204.9) 0.7060.0.927 0.983 ,0.001 ,0.001 ,0.001 ,0.001 0.014 0.029 0.044 ,0.001 ,0.001 0.604 ,0.001 ,0.001 0.229 0.122 0.001 0.018 0.123 0.051 0.Data are expressed as mean 6 standard deviation or median (inter-quartile range). P-values were calculated by an independent two-sample t-test, Mann hitney U-test, or Pearson’s chi-square test. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein;HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate;IL-6, interleukin-6; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;CTRP-3, C1q/TNF-related protein-3; IMT, intimamedia thickness. *Non-normally distributed. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055744.tthe linear trend of serum progranulin and CTRP3 levels according to the tertiles in the number of metabolic syndrome components were calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysi.RticipantsSubjects who visited the Health Promotion Center of Korea University Guro Hospital for a routine health check-up were enrolled between October 2009 and March 2011 using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were apparently healthy volunteers with age between 20 and 80 years. We exclude the participants had a history of CVD (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, or cardiovascular revascularization), type 2 diabetes, stage 2 hypertension (resting blood pressure, 160/ 100 mmHg), malignancy, or severe renal or hepatic disease. This study excluded subjects with a history of chronic inflammatory conditions that may affect the study results, and subjects that had taken medications that might affect inflammatory status within the last 6 months were also excluded. Participants were free of any lipid-lowering therapies for at least a 6-month period prior to enrollment. Finally, one hundred twenty-seven apparently healthyStatistical AnalysisEach variable was assessed for a normal distribution. Data are expressed as mean 6 SD or median (inter-quartile range [25 ?75 ]). Differences between groups were tested using an independent two-sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and the Chi-square test was used to test for differences in the distribution of categorical variables. Spearman’s correlation test was performed to determine the relationships of serum progranulin and CTRP3 levels with study variables. P-values forProgranulin and CTRP3 in Metabolic SyndromeTable 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects.Control group (n = 83) Sex (M:F) Age (years) Body mass index (kg/m ) Waist circumference (cm) Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) AST (IU/L) ALT (IU/L) Total cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglycerides* (mmol/L) LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Glucose (mmol/L) HOMA-IR* eGFR* (mL/min/1.73 m2) IL-6* (pg/mL) hsCRP* (mg/dL) Adiponectin (mg/mL) CTRP3*(ng/mL) Progranulin*(ng/mL) Carotid IMT (mm)Metabolic syndrome (n = 44) 32:12 52.6610.4 27.463.0 91.966.5 132.5611.7 88.8610.4 19.069.5 24.1616.6 4.360.9 0.960.2 1.8(1.3, 2.4) 2.561.0 5.161.1 2.0(1.7, 3.2) 98.3(84.7, 127. 7) 0.13(0.09, 0.16) 0.87(0.42, 2.63) 7.9362.83 310.0(269.7, 369.9) 195.6(179.3, 215.5) 0.7760.P61:22 52.568.0 24.062.7 82.3610.8 121.8612.2 80.069.2 14.967.2 19.169.3 4.060.9 1.160.3 1.0(0.7,1.4) 2.460.7 4.461.0 1.5(83.8, 159.1) 107.7(83.8, 159.1) 0.11(0.07, 0.13) 0.43(0.24, 0.97) 9.6164.13 332.9(287.1, 402.9) 185.1(160.3, 204.9) 0.7060.0.927 0.983 ,0.001 ,0.001 ,0.001 ,0.001 0.014 0.029 0.044 ,0.001 ,0.001 0.604 ,0.001 ,0.001 0.229 0.122 0.001 0.018 0.123 0.051 0.Data are expressed as mean 6 standard deviation or median (inter-quartile range). P-values were calculated by an independent two-sample t-test, Mann hitney U-test, or Pearson’s chi-square test. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein;HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate;IL-6, interleukin-6; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;CTRP-3, C1q/TNF-related protein-3; IMT, intimamedia thickness. *Non-normally distributed. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055744.tthe linear trend of serum progranulin and CTRP3 levels according to the tertiles in the number of metabolic syndrome components were calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysi.