Ects the activation of PKC. Serine phosphorylation on PKC substrates in

Ects the activation of PKC. Serine phosphorylation on PKC substrates in response to 1 nM thrombin was absent in PAR32/2 Tartrazine web platelets compared to wild type platelets (Figure 4A and B). These results are expected because PAR3 is required for PAR4 activation at low concentrations of thrombin. Importantly, we show that the level of serine phosphorylation of PKC substrates was increased in response to high concentration of thrombin (30?00 nM) in PAR32/2 compared to wild type mouse platelets. The level of serine phosphorylation on PKC substrates was also increased in response to AYPGKF in PAR32/2 platelets (Figure 4C and D). To show that the increased PKC activity in PAR32/2 platelets was not due to increased expression of PKC, we reprobed the membranes for total PKC. There was no significant difference in the level of PKC between PAR32/2 and wild type platelets. These results arePAR3 Regulates PAR4 Signaling in Mouse PlateletsFigure 1. Dose response curve of Ca2+ mobilization in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ in mouse platelets. Fura Eliglustat 2-loaded wild type (black circle), PAR32/2 (gray circle), and PAR3+/2 (white square) platelets were activated with the indicated concentrations of: (A) thrombin, (0.001?100 nM, (B) AYPGKF (0? mM), (C) convulxin (0.01?00 nM), or 20 mM of ADP for 10 min at 37uC in the presence of 2 mM of CaCl2. The difference between the maximum increase and the basal intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was measured. The results are the mean (6 SD) of three independent experiments (* p,0.05). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055740.gconsistent with the Ca2+ mobilization data and indicate that PAR3 negatively regulates PAR4-induced Gq-mediated signaling in mouse platelets.Intracellular Ca2+ store depletion is increased in PAR32/2 mouse plateletsWe next examined if the increase in the maximum Ca2+ mobilization was caused by an increase in the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Platelets from PAR32/2 and wild 15755315 type mice were stimulated with thrombin (1, 10, 30, or 100 nM) in Ca2+-free buffer (0.1 mM EGTA added). At 1 nM thrombin, the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores was decreased in PAR32/2 compared to wild type platelets. These data are consistent with PAR3 facilitating PAR4 activation at low thrombin concentrations. However, at thrombin concentrations above 10 nM, platelets from PAR32/2 release more Ca2+ from the internal stores compared to wild type platelets (Figure 5A and B). The maximum Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular stores in PAR32/2 platelets was 4056158 nM compared to 229647 nM for wild type platelets, p = 0.04 (Figure 5B). Similar to thrombin stimulation, PAR32/2 platelets release more Ca2+ from their internal stores compared to wild type platelets in response to AYPGKF (Figure 5C and D). However, in response to 3 mM thapsigargin, there is no difference in Ca2+ release from the internal stores between PAR32/2 and wild type platelets (Figure 5E and F). These data indicate that PAR32/2 has the same Ca2+ pool in the internal stores compared to wild type platelets. However, after activation, there is more Ca2+ releasedFigure 2. PAR4 expression on mouse platelets. Flow cytometric analysis of PAR4 expression in wild type (WT) (black line), PAR32/2 (gray line), and PAR42/2 (shaded) mice platelets using anti-PAR4-FITC antibodies. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055740.gPAR3 Regulates PAR4 Signaling in Mouse PlateletsFigure 3. Effect of 2MeSAMP on PAR4 enhancing intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in mouse platelets. Fura 2-loaded w.Ects the activation of PKC. Serine phosphorylation on PKC substrates in response to 1 nM thrombin was absent in PAR32/2 platelets compared to wild type platelets (Figure 4A and B). These results are expected because PAR3 is required for PAR4 activation at low concentrations of thrombin. Importantly, we show that the level of serine phosphorylation of PKC substrates was increased in response to high concentration of thrombin (30?00 nM) in PAR32/2 compared to wild type mouse platelets. The level of serine phosphorylation on PKC substrates was also increased in response to AYPGKF in PAR32/2 platelets (Figure 4C and D). To show that the increased PKC activity in PAR32/2 platelets was not due to increased expression of PKC, we reprobed the membranes for total PKC. There was no significant difference in the level of PKC between PAR32/2 and wild type platelets. These results arePAR3 Regulates PAR4 Signaling in Mouse PlateletsFigure 1. Dose response curve of Ca2+ mobilization in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ in mouse platelets. Fura 2-loaded wild type (black circle), PAR32/2 (gray circle), and PAR3+/2 (white square) platelets were activated with the indicated concentrations of: (A) thrombin, (0.001?100 nM, (B) AYPGKF (0? mM), (C) convulxin (0.01?00 nM), or 20 mM of ADP for 10 min at 37uC in the presence of 2 mM of CaCl2. The difference between the maximum increase and the basal intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was measured. The results are the mean (6 SD) of three independent experiments (* p,0.05). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055740.gconsistent with the Ca2+ mobilization data and indicate that PAR3 negatively regulates PAR4-induced Gq-mediated signaling in mouse platelets.Intracellular Ca2+ store depletion is increased in PAR32/2 mouse plateletsWe next examined if the increase in the maximum Ca2+ mobilization was caused by an increase in the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Platelets from PAR32/2 and wild 15755315 type mice were stimulated with thrombin (1, 10, 30, or 100 nM) in Ca2+-free buffer (0.1 mM EGTA added). At 1 nM thrombin, the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores was decreased in PAR32/2 compared to wild type platelets. These data are consistent with PAR3 facilitating PAR4 activation at low thrombin concentrations. However, at thrombin concentrations above 10 nM, platelets from PAR32/2 release more Ca2+ from the internal stores compared to wild type platelets (Figure 5A and B). The maximum Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular stores in PAR32/2 platelets was 4056158 nM compared to 229647 nM for wild type platelets, p = 0.04 (Figure 5B). Similar to thrombin stimulation, PAR32/2 platelets release more Ca2+ from their internal stores compared to wild type platelets in response to AYPGKF (Figure 5C and D). However, in response to 3 mM thapsigargin, there is no difference in Ca2+ release from the internal stores between PAR32/2 and wild type platelets (Figure 5E and F). These data indicate that PAR32/2 has the same Ca2+ pool in the internal stores compared to wild type platelets. However, after activation, there is more Ca2+ releasedFigure 2. PAR4 expression on mouse platelets. Flow cytometric analysis of PAR4 expression in wild type (WT) (black line), PAR32/2 (gray line), and PAR42/2 (shaded) mice platelets using anti-PAR4-FITC antibodies. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055740.gPAR3 Regulates PAR4 Signaling in Mouse PlateletsFigure 3. Effect of 2MeSAMP on PAR4 enhancing intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in mouse platelets. Fura 2-loaded w.