A membrane through the formation of tetraspanin-Table 2. Univariate and Multivariate analysis

A membrane through the formation of tetraspanin-Table 2. Univariate and 498-02-2 manufacturer Multivariate analysis of factors associated with 3-year survival.VariablesUnivariate analysis Hazard ratio (95 CI)Multivariate analysisp0.979 0.129 0.002 0.158 0.001 0.008 0.015 0.010 6.84E25 2.32EHazard ratio (95 CI) n.a. na 0.574(0.237?.391) n.a. 2.997(1.486?.043) 0.590 (0.160?.177) 1.882(0.536?.606) 0.443(0.118?.583) 1.329(0.421?.193) 3.367(0.934?2.140)pAge (years) (#65 vs. .65) Gender (male vs. female) Tumor size, cm (#5.5 vs. .5.5) Differention (I-II vs. III) Depth of invasion (T1 vs. T2 4) Lymph nodule involvement (N0 vs. N1/N2/N3) Stage (I vs. II/III/IV) CD151(low vs. high) Integrin a3 (low vs. high) Co-expression of CD151/Integrina1.007 (0.549?.709) 0.661(0.387?.128) 2.273(1.345?.840) 0.674 (0.390?.408) 2.799 (1.501?.221) 2.180(1.228?.868) 2.060(1.148?.698) 1.990 (1.181?.353) 3.197(1.861?.432) 1.869 (1.377?.536)0.0.002 0.429 0.324 0.206 0.627 0.Abbreviations and Note: Cox proportional hazards regression model, 95 CI, 95 confidence interval; Multivariate analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression model. Variables were adopted for their prognostic significance by univariate analysis with forward stepwise selection (Forward, likelihood ratio). Variables were adopted for their prognostic significance by univariate analysis (p,0.05). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058990.tRole of CD151 in GCenriched microdomains (TEMs) [6,7]. To date, different types of membrane proteins, including growth factor receptors, integrins, immunoglobulin domains and EWI-F(a subfamily of Ig proteins) have been found in TEMs [25]. Moreover, the functions of these membrane proteins have been reported to be intimately associated with TEMs. For example, different combinations of tetraspanins forming TEMs were found to affect the function of growth factor receptors and integrin. More importantly, the expression level of individual tetraspanins in TEMs also has a significant effect on the associated proteins [26,27]. In recent studies, knock-down of CD151 was shown to impair the formation of TEMs and CD151 deletion inhibited the function of several membrane proteins, indicating that CD151 plays a critical role in TEM formation and function [7,26]. Furthermore, blocking of CD151 markedly impaired the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells, and 10457188 targeting the CD151 protein or TEMs has become a promising therapeutic strategy [23]. In the present study, the expression of CD151 was shown to be an independent predictorfor OS. However, the combined expression of CD151 and integrin a3 was a more reliable predictor of OS than CD151 or integrin a3 expression alone, supporting the notion that both CD151 and integrin a3 play an important role in HGC. Therefore, our results are significant and suggest that CD151 or the CD151-integrin a3 complex may be important Terlipressin site targets in the treatment of patients with GC. In conclusion, CD151 overexpression is a predictor of poor outcome in patients with HGC, and CD151 or the CD151integrin a3 complex could be potential targets for the treatment of HGC.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: Y-MY 1326631 Z-WZ Q-ML Y-FS J-RY W-XX. Performed the experiments: Y-MY Z-WZ Y-FS. Analyzed the data: Y-MY Z-WZ Q-ML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Y-MY Z-WZ Y-FS J-RY W-XX. Wrote the paper: Y-MY Z-WZ.
An alternative and emerging technique, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (A-ODN) inhibition, has been established and used to silence target genes.A membrane through the formation of tetraspanin-Table 2. Univariate and Multivariate analysis of factors associated with 3-year survival.VariablesUnivariate analysis Hazard ratio (95 CI)Multivariate analysisp0.979 0.129 0.002 0.158 0.001 0.008 0.015 0.010 6.84E25 2.32EHazard ratio (95 CI) n.a. na 0.574(0.237?.391) n.a. 2.997(1.486?.043) 0.590 (0.160?.177) 1.882(0.536?.606) 0.443(0.118?.583) 1.329(0.421?.193) 3.367(0.934?2.140)pAge (years) (#65 vs. .65) Gender (male vs. female) Tumor size, cm (#5.5 vs. .5.5) Differention (I-II vs. III) Depth of invasion (T1 vs. T2 4) Lymph nodule involvement (N0 vs. N1/N2/N3) Stage (I vs. II/III/IV) CD151(low vs. high) Integrin a3 (low vs. high) Co-expression of CD151/Integrina1.007 (0.549?.709) 0.661(0.387?.128) 2.273(1.345?.840) 0.674 (0.390?.408) 2.799 (1.501?.221) 2.180(1.228?.868) 2.060(1.148?.698) 1.990 (1.181?.353) 3.197(1.861?.432) 1.869 (1.377?.536)0.0.002 0.429 0.324 0.206 0.627 0.Abbreviations and Note: Cox proportional hazards regression model, 95 CI, 95 confidence interval; Multivariate analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression model. Variables were adopted for their prognostic significance by univariate analysis with forward stepwise selection (Forward, likelihood ratio). Variables were adopted for their prognostic significance by univariate analysis (p,0.05). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058990.tRole of CD151 in GCenriched microdomains (TEMs) [6,7]. To date, different types of membrane proteins, including growth factor receptors, integrins, immunoglobulin domains and EWI-F(a subfamily of Ig proteins) have been found in TEMs [25]. Moreover, the functions of these membrane proteins have been reported to be intimately associated with TEMs. For example, different combinations of tetraspanins forming TEMs were found to affect the function of growth factor receptors and integrin. More importantly, the expression level of individual tetraspanins in TEMs also has a significant effect on the associated proteins [26,27]. In recent studies, knock-down of CD151 was shown to impair the formation of TEMs and CD151 deletion inhibited the function of several membrane proteins, indicating that CD151 plays a critical role in TEM formation and function [7,26]. Furthermore, blocking of CD151 markedly impaired the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells, and 10457188 targeting the CD151 protein or TEMs has become a promising therapeutic strategy [23]. In the present study, the expression of CD151 was shown to be an independent predictorfor OS. However, the combined expression of CD151 and integrin a3 was a more reliable predictor of OS than CD151 or integrin a3 expression alone, supporting the notion that both CD151 and integrin a3 play an important role in HGC. Therefore, our results are significant and suggest that CD151 or the CD151-integrin a3 complex may be important targets in the treatment of patients with GC. In conclusion, CD151 overexpression is a predictor of poor outcome in patients with HGC, and CD151 or the CD151integrin a3 complex could be potential targets for the treatment of HGC.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: Y-MY 1326631 Z-WZ Q-ML Y-FS J-RY W-XX. Performed the experiments: Y-MY Z-WZ Y-FS. Analyzed the data: Y-MY Z-WZ Q-ML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Y-MY Z-WZ Y-FS J-RY W-XX. Wrote the paper: Y-MY Z-WZ.
An alternative and emerging technique, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (A-ODN) inhibition, has been established and used to silence target genes.