Each reaction was carried out in duplicate, together with a negative control

aspirin and PPIs were more used among statin users. The prevalence of elevated levels of IgE antibodies was higher in statin users compared to non-users. A trend towards higher levels of IgE antibodies was observed in statin users compared with non-users, although this difference did not meet the criteria for significance. CRP and IgE levels and different groups of age, sex and history of cardiovascular diseases The purchase GS 4059 associations between statin use and levels of CRP did not differ between strata of sex, age and history of cardiovascular diseases. However, levels of IgE antibodies were higher in statin users versus non-users who were older than 60 years and had a history of cardiovascular disease. Self-tolerance No associations were observed between statin use and the presence of the autoantibodies, ANA and IgM-RF. Development of CRP and IgE levels over time Cross-sectional analyses did not show differences in the levels of neopterin, and the presence of ANA and IgM-RF between statin users and non-users. Therefore, we only studied the change in CRP and IgE levels over time between statin users and non-users. After controlling for the matching variables, antihypertensive drugs, total cholesterol levels and smoking status, the change over time in mean CRP level was lower in statin users compared to non-users, by on average 29%. No difference in the change over time in mean levels of IgE antibodies between statin users and nonusers was observed. We found no effect modification between time and statin treatment between users and non-users of statins, indicating that the difference in CRP levels remained constant over time. CRP and IgE levels and different aspects of exposure to statins As we observed associations between statin use and levels of CRP and IgE antibodies, we studied these associations in detail in statin users by the different aspects of exposure to statins. We present in table 3 the regression coefficients for the different aspects of exposure to statins in relation to CRP and IgE levels, adjusted for confounders. Regarding the number of prescriptions, cumulative duration and daily dose, DDDs, potency and adherence to statins, associations with CRP levels were inverse, although none of them were statistically significant. In addition, an association between increasing number of days of statin use and decreased levels of CRP was observed. For IgE levels, the fully adjusted associations 12611900 with different aspects of exposure to statins were positive, but no association was statistically significant. Discussion In the present study, we observed that statins suppress the innate immune response, by decreasing the levels of CRP, both cross-sectionally and over time. A more detailed analysis on different aspects of exposure to statins, showed an inverse 6 Statin use and markers of immunity ab d Levels of CRP , Statin users Crude N=332 No. of prescriptions 0 1-15 16-30 31 Cumulative duration,days 0 1-550 551-1100 1101 Cumulative daily dose 0 1-1800 1801-3600 3601 DDD 0 1 1.1-1.5 1.6 Potency 0 1-30 31-35 36 Adherence 0 1-50 51-80 81-100 i h g c Levels of IgE Ptrendf Statin users Crude N=332 de Adjusted , Adjusted Ptrendf 331 116 112 104 331 125 78 129 331 122 83 127 331 123 94 115 331 10785540 92 99 139 298 51 53 194 The GIMAPs are a family of GTPases, occurring sporadically in eukaryotic phyla including molluscs, vertebrates and some protists. The family is characterised by the presence of an AIG1 domain which is shared with a family of GTPases in