Transparent to very light brown; Sc3 pronounced, brown. LT with 12?3 (L2), 17?9 (L3) LS. T3: LT with 11?3 (L2), 16?8 (L3) LS. Posterior fold with ten to twelve robust, thorny setae. Abdomen (Figs 24D-F, 25A-B, 26B-C) dorsum cream-colored to tan, with patches of white fat body visible beneath integument throughout; chalazae of dorsal setae amber to light brown; LTs white, LS cream-colored to amber. A6 with pair of brown marks anterodorsal to LTs; A6, A7 with brown marks anterior to LDTs. A8 with pair of small, light brown marks mesal to spiracles; A9 with dark brown mark mesal to spiracles. A10 with dark brown, inverted U-shaped mark distally; light brownish laterally. Sides of A2-A5 with large, diffuse, very light brown patch below each LT; venter mostly light brown laterally, white mesally; A6-A10 mostly white ventrally; venter of A10 with pair of small, dark brown marks.Larvae of five horticulturally important species of Chrysopodes…A1: Dorsum with 40?6 (L2), 116?24 (L3) SMS in two double-triple transverse bands between spiracles. A2-A5: Dorsum with 66?4 (L2), 134?74 (L3) SMS in two broad transverse bands. LTs each with 8?1 (L2), 11?1 (L3) LS: four to nine long, robust, thorny, usually pointed LS on distal surface; remaining LS less robust, smooth, hooked in patch on dorsal surface. A6: Dorsum with transverse band of 16?8 (L2), 44?8 (L3) SMS across anterior of segment; midsection with two pairs of smooth setae, mesal pair long, hooked, lateral pair short, pointed. LT with 7? (L2), 14 (L3) LS of various sizes. A7: Dorsum with three pairs of very short setae anteriorly, between spiracles. LT with 6? (L2), 9?2 (L3) LS of various sizes. A8: Dorsum with three pairs of very small setae between spiracles; three pairs of small setae in transverse row between LTs. Venter with four transverse rows of setae, each with three to four smooth, small to medium-length, pointed setae. A9: Dorsum with one pair of very small setae anteriorly. Middle and posterior regions with two transverse rings of setae extending around segment; each ring with 14?6 short to medium-length setae, several in each ring robust. A10: Dorsum with one pair of small setae posterior to V-shaped anterior sclerites. Several pairs of lateral setae. Venter with five pairs of small setae, posterior row of microsetae anterior to terminus. Egg. At oviposition, green, with white micropyle; ovoid, 0.92 to 0.97 mm long, 0.42 to 0.44 mm wide. Stalk smooth, hyaline, 8.8 to 10.1 mm long. Larval specimens examined. Several lots, each originating from a single gravid female collected in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Campos dos Goytacazes, Biotin-VAD-FMKMedChemExpress Biotin-VAD-FMK ARRY-334543 site Parque Estadual do Desengano, Babil ia, III-27-2001, XI-22-2003 (Tauber Lot 2001:007, Albuquerque Lot 2003:023); Campos dos Goytacazes, near Parque Estadual do Desengano, Fazenda Boa Vista, V-16-2002 (Tauber Lots 2002:026, 2002:029); Campos dos Goytacazes, Distrito de Morangaba, Fazenda S Juli , X-18-2005 (Tauber Lot 2005:035). Biology. The thermal influence on rates of development and reproduction in C. (C.) spinellus will be reported elsewhere (Silva et al., in preparation).Acknowledgements We thank the following who assisted with obtaining specimens: V. Becker, E. M. G. Fontes, F. Franca, S. L. Lapointe, J. S. Multani, A. Nascimento, C. S. S. Pires, E. A. Silva, B. Souza, E. R. Sujii, A. J. Tauber, and P. J. Tauber. CAT and MJT acknowledge L. E. Ehler and M. Parella for their cooperation in a variety of ways. Our project is long-standing; it is a pleasure.Transparent to very light brown; Sc3 pronounced, brown. LT with 12?3 (L2), 17?9 (L3) LS. T3: LT with 11?3 (L2), 16?8 (L3) LS. Posterior fold with ten to twelve robust, thorny setae. Abdomen (Figs 24D-F, 25A-B, 26B-C) dorsum cream-colored to tan, with patches of white fat body visible beneath integument throughout; chalazae of dorsal setae amber to light brown; LTs white, LS cream-colored to amber. A6 with pair of brown marks anterodorsal to LTs; A6, A7 with brown marks anterior to LDTs. A8 with pair of small, light brown marks mesal to spiracles; A9 with dark brown mark mesal to spiracles. A10 with dark brown, inverted U-shaped mark distally; light brownish laterally. Sides of A2-A5 with large, diffuse, very light brown patch below each LT; venter mostly light brown laterally, white mesally; A6-A10 mostly white ventrally; venter of A10 with pair of small, dark brown marks.Larvae of five horticulturally important species of Chrysopodes…A1: Dorsum with 40?6 (L2), 116?24 (L3) SMS in two double-triple transverse bands between spiracles. A2-A5: Dorsum with 66?4 (L2), 134?74 (L3) SMS in two broad transverse bands. LTs each with 8?1 (L2), 11?1 (L3) LS: four to nine long, robust, thorny, usually pointed LS on distal surface; remaining LS less robust, smooth, hooked in patch on dorsal surface. A6: Dorsum with transverse band of 16?8 (L2), 44?8 (L3) SMS across anterior of segment; midsection with two pairs of smooth setae, mesal pair long, hooked, lateral pair short, pointed. LT with 7? (L2), 14 (L3) LS of various sizes. A7: Dorsum with three pairs of very short setae anteriorly, between spiracles. LT with 6? (L2), 9?2 (L3) LS of various sizes. A8: Dorsum with three pairs of very small setae between spiracles; three pairs of small setae in transverse row between LTs. Venter with four transverse rows of setae, each with three to four smooth, small to medium-length, pointed setae. A9: Dorsum with one pair of very small setae anteriorly. Middle and posterior regions with two transverse rings of setae extending around segment; each ring with 14?6 short to medium-length setae, several in each ring robust. A10: Dorsum with one pair of small setae posterior to V-shaped anterior sclerites. Several pairs of lateral setae. Venter with five pairs of small setae, posterior row of microsetae anterior to terminus. Egg. At oviposition, green, with white micropyle; ovoid, 0.92 to 0.97 mm long, 0.42 to 0.44 mm wide. Stalk smooth, hyaline, 8.8 to 10.1 mm long. Larval specimens examined. Several lots, each originating from a single gravid female collected in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Campos dos Goytacazes, Parque Estadual do Desengano, Babil ia, III-27-2001, XI-22-2003 (Tauber Lot 2001:007, Albuquerque Lot 2003:023); Campos dos Goytacazes, near Parque Estadual do Desengano, Fazenda Boa Vista, V-16-2002 (Tauber Lots 2002:026, 2002:029); Campos dos Goytacazes, Distrito de Morangaba, Fazenda S Juli , X-18-2005 (Tauber Lot 2005:035). Biology. The thermal influence on rates of development and reproduction in C. (C.) spinellus will be reported elsewhere (Silva et al., in preparation).Acknowledgements We thank the following who assisted with obtaining specimens: V. Becker, E. M. G. Fontes, F. Franca, S. L. Lapointe, J. S. Multani, A. Nascimento, C. S. S. Pires, E. A. Silva, B. Souza, E. R. Sujii, A. J. Tauber, and P. J. Tauber. CAT and MJT acknowledge L. E. Ehler and M. Parella for their cooperation in a variety of ways. Our project is long-standing; it is a pleasure.
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